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OPTO has been applied widely in northern Europe, and to less extent in the US and in Mexico. The countries of the local (or national) norm groups a shown on the map below. These are all represented in the international norm group.
The local norms are given equal weight in the international norm in terms of sample size.
The following local norms are used in the international norm:
Each norm group has a norm for each of the 20 Aspects in OPTO. To ensure that the norms are representative of the local population, the norms are weighted to reflect the population distribution in terms of gender, age, and educational level.
As example: Given that the Norwegian data sample for creating norms has 59% male, and 41% female, and the actual population distribution of gender in Norway is 50% male and 50% female, than the male and female statistics are given a weight of .50 each in the final norm, ensuring that the norm is representative of the population.
In the international norm, the different local / national norms are also given equal weight in terms of sample size. What this means, is that the Norwegian norm group (N=5893) and the Mexican norm group (N=530) are given equal weight in the international norm.
You can read more on OPTO norms by this link
Here you can have a dive into the demographics within norm group datasets. That is, the sample populations that are the basis for the local norm groups from 2022.
When looking at the graphs below, please keep in mind, that norms are not simply reflecting the sample distributions shown here, but are weighted by the population demographics, ensuring that they reflect the population distribution (see above section).
Look up a local norm group for OPTO and see the working areas (industries) represented.
Hint: Choose a norm group in the dropdown menu.
Hint: Hover over the graph to see the count of respondents within a industry.
Fun Fact: In both the Finnish and the Norwegian norm group, Sales is the largest single industry represented.
Fun Fact: The Swedish norm group has Finance as its largest single industry represented.
Compare the norm groups in terms of the percentages of different educational levels.
Hint: Click on categories to hide or show bars in the graph.
Hint: Hover over the bars to see the percentage of respondents within category and norm.
Fun fact: The Danish norm group has the highest proportion of people with a master’s degree, and/or PhD degree, followed by the German norm group.
Fun fact: The Mexican norm group has the absolute highest representation of people with a bachelor’s degree.
Fun fact: The Swiss norm group has the highest representation of people with vocational/technical training, followed by the French/Swiss norm group.
Get an overview of percentage of males and females within norm group datasets.
Fun fact: The Danish norm group has the most gender equal distribution of 50.7% males and 49.3% females, followed by the Finnish and the Swedish norm groups.
Fun fact: The French/Swiss norm group has the highest proportion of males with a whopping 72%. Followed by the German norm group at 68.8%.
Compare the norm groups in terms of age, that is percentages within five age groups.
Fun fact: The German norm group has the highest representation of people aged 36-45 years (31.6%) and the lowest representation of younger adults at 18-35 years (42.2%).
Fun fact: the Norwegian norm group has a typical representation of people over 45 years, with a bit over 25%.
Get an overview of types of employment groups within norm groups, - i.e., the percentage of managers (top or middle managers), employees or others employment categories.
Note: the category Other includes self-employed, students and unemployed.
Fun fact: The French/Swiss and the Finnish norm groups have the highest representation of employees.
Fun fact: The German norm group has the highest representation of managers, - especially in terms of middle management. And the Mexican norm group has the lowest representation of managers.
Compare the norm groups in terms of percentages of specific employment types.
Hint: The graph is interactive. Click on categories to hide / show bars in the graph.
Hint: Hover over the bars in the graph to see the percentage of respondents within a category for a particular norm group.
Fun fact: The Swedish norm group has the highest representation of students (12.8 %), while the Swiss norm group the lowest (1.3 %).
Fun fact: The proportion of self-employed within norm groups ranges from 9.2% (Mexican) to 2.1% (Finnish).
Fun fact: The Mexican norm group has the highest representation of unemployed (27.9%), followed by the Danish norm group (22.3%), with the other norm groups having proportions between 9-13% unemployed.
